Circulatory system. View 12 Reproduction Biology Notes IGCSE.pdf from BIOLOGY BIOL3040 at Boston College. Seeds are formed inside the fruits and then dispersed. It is the production of genetically identical offspring from one parent. 2. The danger is that the seed will run out of stored energy before it makes leaves. Seed dispersal may be more effective from fruits on a long, vertical stem. By dispersing the seeds over a large area, a parent plant gives the seeds a greater chance at finding space and untapped resources. Topic 05~07. type of reproduction in flowering plants advantages disadvantages asexual only one, parent / plant ; fast ; . Seed Dispersal is a natural process, it is an adaptive mechanism that can be seen in all seed-bearing plants, it can be defined as a method by which seeds move away (or are transported away) from their parent plant in order to germinate and survive at a different place. It can be used to help you to plan your revision programme for the theory examinations and will explain what the examiners are looking for in the answers you write. Disadvantages. CIE IGCSE BIOLOGY//0610 P AGE 26 OF 35 BREAST FEEDING BOTTLED MILK ADVANTAGES Has antibodies - no bacteria Nutrients- correct proportion Correct temp. Topic 08~10. germination, the sprouting of a seed, spore, or other reproductive body, usually after a period of dormancy. Under favourable conditions, these eyes . Latest IGCSE Biology Study notes/Revision notes valid for examinations upto 2023 syllabus , written strictly by Cambridge experts . Flower Structure Pollination Fertilisation Seed Dispersal Germination Test . Advantages and disadvantages. Spore production in fungi. Sexual reproduction in flowering plants including pollination, fertilisation, seed formation and dispersal. Advantages of Asexual Reproduction Only one parent is needed. [1 mark] 1. i) A plumule; B cotyledon, C testa (seed coat) ii) X on any part of the cotyledon. 1 2 3 [3] 2. Advantages of seed formation in plants: Seeds provide a protective coat so that the embryo plant can develop when it finds a nice piece of soil. (B)Seed dispersal help to a produced variety of seeds i.e produced mixed population. Use the information in Fig. Method # II. These will be Paper 1, one from either Paper 2 or Paper 3, and one . the benefits and drawbacks of scientific and technological developments, including those . IGCSE Paper Type (Extended) Theory Paper www.igexams.com. The procedure involves the following simple steps: Wash the pollen grains using alcohol and place the sample on a microscope slide (also keep an unwashed sample) Add 50 percent glycerine to the sample and place under the stereo microscope for viewing. Describe one method of seed dispersal that does not require animals. Then the cell divides into two, with each daughter cell containing a copy of the parental DNA. Free PDF (link in description) Pearson Edexcel International AS Level Chemistry Student Book 1 . [2] (d) State two environmental conditions that seeds require so that they can germinate. Pollen grain germinates and forms pollen tube 3. Assessment Objective Weighting A Knowledge with Understanding 50% (not more than 25% recall) B Handling Information and Problem Solving 30% C Experimental Skills and Investigations 20% 3. 2. Describe one method of seed dispersal that does not require animals. Produces seeds which are dispersed IGCSE Paper Type (Extended) Theory Paper www.igexams.com. Plant resemblance. small and light fruits and seeds so they can float in the air and be readily blown by the wind floating seeds for (seed) dispersal (carried on water) / reduce competition (from parent) . [2] (d) State two environmental conditions that seeds require so that they can germinate. ref to benefits to, environment ; ref to more desirable, . In the process of seed germination, water is absorbed by the embryo, which results in the rehydration and expansion of the cells. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of breast-feeding compared with bottle-feeding using formula milk. Bacteria reproduce asexually by binary fission. International-gcse-9-1-biology-student-book-pdf-free.pdf. 8 What are advantages of sexual and asexual reproduction? The seeds can germinate in an area far from its . Some seeds have small hooks which stick to the fur of animals. [3] Through fruit. Strawberries are just one fruit that scatters seeds through digestion and . What proof the methods of implementation? It is light and has wing-like structure. (b) What are the advantages to a plant of an effective method of seed dispersal? Dispersal of Seeds by Animals. Features of Asexual Reproduction - one parent only - no gametes formed - genetic material identical however external appearance may change due to environmental factors continued to grow vertically. Identify the structures labelled P , Q , R and S . Solution. The process is more or less like cloning. Reproduction in flowering plants may occur both sexually or asexually. Label with a Y the special feature of the seed or fruit that helps in wind dispersal. . A piece of cotton is held by the hairpin Many are killed on the roads and development threatens their rainforest habitat. Dispersal by Water. (i) Name the part of the flower that develops into the seed. The root of the pea seedling is marked with equally spaced lines . However, these advantages are a product of a tall shoot rather than negative gravitropism. Plants which grow beside water often rely on water to transport their seeds for them. alternatives. IGCSE Biology Semester 3. Modern machinery -makes growing and harvesting crops much faster and easier. what features of seeds and fruits have enabled - Lisbdnet.com Earthworms are more important as seed dispersers. Answer (1 of 4): Seed dispersal is essential for plants as it improves the chances of the seeds being able to grow to the adult stage. One of the advantages of asexual reproduction is the production of breeding stock. A fungus (Fusarium) is supplied with various nutrients (oxygen, glucose (energy), mineral salts and ammonia) for its growth and its temp is kept at the optimum of 30 degrees. It is the production of genetically identical offspring from one parent. It contains exercises that will help students to develop the skills needed to succeed in the Cambridge IGCSE Biology examination and invites students to match their Page 1/2 It has hooks to hook onto the fur of animals. Topic 08~10. Nutmeg is dispersed by birds. 10 The drawings show seeds or fruits of different plants. ADVANTAGES OF ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION to a species in the wild and crop production: . There are 4 levels of organisation within an ecosystem: Individual organism: a single member of a species. 1. An animal may eat the fruit and the seed, inside, is resistant to the digestive juices hence it passes out through faeces. With those advantages, the seeds stand a much better chance at . Level IGCSE Subject Biology (0610/0970) Exam Board Cambridge International Examinations (CIE) . If test data . Advantages of sexual reproduction are: Variation among offspring, and therefore more adaptable to a changing environment ; More likely to withstand disease ; In plants, seed dispersal reduces competition for nutrients as offspring will grow in a different environment; Disadvantages of sexual reproduction are: Requires the fusion of two gametes The heart pumps blood around these tubes in a double circulatory system. 1. Updated: 01/06/2022 Create an account This pedicel helps the plant to reach the surface of the water. What is the correct sequence for events after pollination? 13.38 FRUITS PROTECT AND DISPERSE SEEDS. The dispersal of the seeds to far-off places prevents competition among the members of the same species, thus preventing their . 2. Rhubarb. Development of the seed and fruit Fruits aid seed dispersal The ovary wall becomes either a dry or . IGCSE BIOLOGY. DC (NF/CGW) 99153/3 UCLES 2015 [Turn over Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge International . wind. Short-day plants - require less than 12 hours of daylight to flower and seed. 6.2 to explain the advantages of using predators, such as spiders, to control brown plant . State that seed and fruit dispersal by wind and by animals provides a means of colonising new areas . Enters ovary through small hole = micropyle 5. 2. 1. Revision Checklist for IGCSE Biology 0610 A guide for students How to use this guide The guide describes what you need to know about your IGSCE Biology examination. The different ways in which a plant self propagates are mentioned below: Plants such as ginger, onion, dahlia, potato, grow from the buds present on the surface of the stem. (seed) dispersal ; colonization / able to adapt to change ; max 1 may need two plants / pollinating agent; Start studying Asexual, Sexual and Plant Reproduction (IGCSE). The air bubbles make the seeds float on water and are carried away. Edexcel-igcse-biology-revision-notes 7/15 Downloaded From Test.classygroundcovers.com On May 17, 2021 By Guest Larkcom 2017-05-26 Provide Your Students With Complete Coverage Of Th 5th, 2022 Edexcel Igcse 9- 1 Biology Notes Pdf 27 Seed dispersal, fertilisation, seed germination and pollination are processes in plant reproduction. The asexual form of reproduction leads to prolific multiplication of organisms. 2. Topic 11~13. Nucleus of pollen enters ovule 7. Long-day plants - require more than 12 hours of daylight to flower and seed. 11. Although seeds of plants that grow in water are obviously spread by water, there are many other ways in which water plays a part in dispersing seeds. (a ) From the appearance of the structures, make a guess at how each one is dispersed giving reasons for your answers. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. 6.2 to explain the advantages of using predators, such as spiders, to control brown plant . Maisha Islam. (e) Seed formation occurs after fertilisation. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of breast-feeding compared with bottle-feeding using formula milk. 1. 12 Reproduction #106 Types of reproduction Reproduction is the process that makes more of the same kind of. The pericarp and seed coat are waterproof. They may produce light seeds which . Day-neutral plants require 12 hours of daylight to flower and seed. Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge International A and AS Level and Cambridge Pre-U components, and . Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry (0620) Topic 01~04. reasons for your answers. Peas. Therefore there needs to be an effective dispersal method of the seeds. PLAY. . Pollen tube grows inside style down to ovary 4. Two nuclei of gametes fuse = fertilisation Forming the zygote Each ovule in ovary . Seeds are a protective structure that lets a plant embryo survive for long periods of time before it germinates. Water Dispersal. Describe one method of seed dispersal that does not require animals. 198 Tropic responses Stems that form rhizomes (stems that grow Figure 14.30 Marking a root. The seed can remain dormant until conditions are suitable for the embryo to begin . COMBINED SCIENCE 0653 IGCSE 2010 ASSESSMENT All candidates must enter for three Papers. It is seen in the Vallisneria plant. The absorption of water, the passage of time, chilling, warming, oxygen availability, and light exposure may all operate in initiating the process. Plants disperse their seeds in lots of different ways. 8. There are many vectors/modes of transportation of the seed from one place . CHAPTER 13: REPRODUCTION 13.1 ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION PRODUCES . 2. . 2- chemical fertilisers - allows plants to grow more rapidly and to be larger. <p>It has hooks to hook onto the fur of animals</p>. No additives /preservatives Builds mother-child bond No cost/preparation Causes decline in uterus size Less painful Other people can feed baby May contain supplement vitamins and minerals DISADVANTAGES May be painful Mother must be present . Some plants make use of water to disperse their seeds. Seeds and fruits are dispersed away from the parents plant. Shortly . . This is an advantage, as the qualities borne by the parents are passed on to the offspring without any variation. Photo credit: russolab.unl.edu 1. Overview: the circulatory system is a series of connected tubes that link together the major organs of the body. During this stage the seed must produce leaves so it can begin to photosynthesize. . [2] (d) State two environmental conditions that seeds require so that they can germinate. Once all relevant is direct cutover advantages and disadvantages less seed. State that seed and fruit dispersal by wind and by animals provides a means of colonising new areas . Mycoprotein is a high-protein meat-substitute for vegetarians. IGCSE ICT Implementing a System ICT Lounge. reduce spread of diseases. Use the information in Fig. Seed dispersal. STUDY. 1. The zygote will start to divide and eventually form a seed within the ovule; As different plants have different numbers of ovules, this explains why different fruits (which develop from the ovary . Population: a number of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time. Sexual reproduction Advantages. D seed dispersal ZZZ VDYHP\H[DPV FR XN 16. as shown here. Dispersal by. . baked beans. In biology, the word fruit has a very . Asexual reproduction in bacteria : Bacteria are unicellular microscopic organisms. years, the ADA's Council on Dental Benefits has fielded questions . Pollination can take place with the help of agents : wind or insects. FREE CIE IGCSE Biology revision notes designed by teachers for the 0610 / 0970 syllabus. 1 (a) Define the term enzyme. Seed dispersal by animals and wind 13.39 FRUITS ARE OVARIES AFTER FERTILISATION. Asexual Reproduction Definition. 6 UCLES 2015 0610/22/F/M/15 3 (a) Fig. Wind-dispersed seeds Fruits contain seeds, and usually have a parachute or a wing to help them be carried away from the parent plant by the . They provide nourishment and parental care to the developing embryo. Other seeds are very light so that they can be carried by the wind. Seeds are formed inside the fruits and then dispersed. answer choices. . It has a fibrous husk that makes it float. International GCSE in Biology (0610) to this qualification 4 Section B: Assessment 7 . Pollination: transfer of pollen grains from the male part of the plant (anther) to the female part (stigma). Ballistic seed dispersal. Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry (0620) Topic 01~04. . In this process, the female part of the plant has a very long pedicel. b Seeds. This shoots the seeds sort of like the pellets from a shotgun. The three advantages that seeds offer to angiosperms are as follows: The seeds protect the embryo from harsh environmental conditions. Asexual Reproduction Definition. Fruits like coconut have fibrous mescocarp which is spongy to trap air, the trapped air make the fruit light and buoyant to float on water. If this happens it will die. . The hyphae are processed to give a meat like texture. (A)Seed dispersal is the best method to avoid competition because it allows plants to widespread and avoids competing with each other for the same food. IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level . V1 1Y07 Science Stage 9 16 fScheme of Work - Science stage 9 Unit 2A: 9.4 Sexual Reproduction and Flowering Plants In this unit, pupils build on their previous knowledge reproduction and plant growth to develop their knowledge of. IGCSE Paper Type (Extended) Theory Paper www.igexams.com. This document consists of 19 printed pages and 1 blank page. In the asexual reproduction of plants, the new plants resemble exactly the parents from which they were produced. State an advantage of seed dispersal. i)Sketch a seed or fruit that is adapted for dispersal by wind. 11 The root of the pea seedling is marked with equally spaced lines as shown here. Epihydrophily: This process of dispersal by water occurs on the surface of the water. [2] (e) Cassowaries are an endangered species. The drawings show seeds or fruits of different plants. Light wavelength; This is the distance between two - successive crests of a wavelength. It also contains one matured ovary. (ii) A leaflet describing the advantages of adding ethanol to petrol says: ethanol blended fuels can help to reduce the amount of dangerous chemicals in the atmosphere Name two dangerous chemicals which are emitted from car exhausts. 3 - Pesticides and herbicides- kill off weeds and bugs that are not wanted, allowing crops to grow larger and more rapidly. The breeding stock obtained from asexual reproduction is used for the propagation of species in the future. #110 Seed dispersal The flowers produce seeds which can be dispersed by the wind or other animals, providing a means of colonising new areas. longleaf with charm to uniform seed dispersal. [2] (d) State two environmental conditions that seeds require so that they can germinate. Predators target areas which have a high concentration of seeds as they have to spend a lesser amount of time and energy. Edexcel Igcse Biology Revision Notes Edexcel International GCSE Biology Student Book Second Edition-Erica. Also, it is possible to obtain several generations of a particular kind of plant with some special . #seeds #science #teachingI wrote this one for my elementary science classes to help them learn about seeds and seed dispersal.Purchase on iTunes: https://goo. [2] (d) State two environmental conditions that seeds require so that they can germinate. Page 74 1. IGCSE Biology Semester 3. This Workbook is intended to be used alongside the Cambridge IGCSE Biology Second edition Coursebook, and is fully endorsed by Cambridge. There is seed dispersal; There is colonization; DISADVANTAGES OF SEXUAL REPRODUCTION TO AN ANIMAL SPECIES: The main stem now breaks and the plant laden with ripe fruits and seeds is rolled like a ball miles after miles by the strong wind. Therefore, the seeds are passed out in the animal's feces and into the soil. PLAY. Plant Sexual ReproductionSperm carried in the pollen from the male part of a flower fuses with the egg in the female part of the flower. Community: multiple populations (of different species) living and interacting in the same area. Many are killed on the roads and development threatens their rainforest habitat. (a) From the appearance of the structures, make a guess at how each one is dispersed giving . Plants like water lily produce seeds whose seed coats trap air bubbles. Inside bacterium cell, the DNA replicates. floating seeds for (seed) dispersal (carried on water) / reduce competition (from parent) . By dispersing their seeds plants ensure. 3. Seeds are dropped all along this route. The seeds are usually ejected by an elastic contraction of fruit tissue. IGCSE Paper Type (Extended) Theory Paper . 40 Sexual Reproduction in Plants Mr. C Biology 14 January 15, 2014 This is the carrying of the seed as far as possible from the parent plant The methods of seed dispersal are: Wind Use parachutes or wings to help dispersal (dandelion, sycamore) There are 24 cards in the pack, made up of six sets of four cards. It uses continuous culture. Some seeds are transported by the wind and are shaped to float, glide or spin through the air. Topic 05~07. 6.2 to explain the advantages of using predators, such as spiders, to control brown plant hoppers. A dispersal fertilisation germination B dispersal germination fertilisation C fertilisation dispersal germination D germination fertilisation dispersal A stem tuber has several eyes on the surface. Discover the benefits of seed dispersal for reproductive success and the methods involving gravity, wind, water, animals, or humans. In envelope to deplete this effectively . Students may also place a healthy plant anther with pollen (without treating it with alcohol . It has dry pods that split open. Wind dispersal depends on the fruit having wind or parachute like structure that allows it to float in air to be carried by wind to distant areas in order to spread the species. c Neither. This method involves a mechanical action that physically throws or shoots the seeds away from a seed pod. Seed dispersal - Biology Notes for IGCSE 2014 Figure 8.3. The photo on the left is of a dandelion plant. Nucleus of pollen grain travels down pollen tube 6. Dispersal is necessary to: avoid overcrowding and competition for food and light with the parent plants. ref to benefits to, environment ; ref to more desirable, . . . A plant can use any of two methods of seed dispersal. . The seed contains a limited store of carbohydrate and lipid, which it uses as a fuel for respiration to provide the energy for growth. Topic 11~13. Animals tend to travel, so the seeds have more chances of germinating in different areas. Answer: The seeds of a blackberry are not digested by animals' digestive systems. #110 Seed dispersal The flowers produce seeds which can be dispersed by the wind or other animals, . Development of the seed and fruit Tissues of the ovary (and sometimes the receptacle) become the fruit. Direct conversion also called plunge or direct cutover Black Monday effect. Use the information in Fig. The male flowers are found floating on the surface of the water. Plants growing near a river . Natural Methods. The advantages of dispersal are (a) that the seedlings are less likely to compete with each other if the seeds are widely dispersed, (b) that new areas may be colonised. <p>It is light and has wing-like structure</p>. enable plants to colonise new and favourable habitats. . Features of Asexual Reproduction - one parent only - no gametes formed - genetic material identical however external appearance may change due to environmental factors ScienceEdexcel International GCSE (9-1) Biology Student Book (Edexcel International GCSE (9-1))O Level Biology Multiple Choice Questions and Answers (MCQs)Oxford English: An International Approach Students'Modern Accountancy Vol Ii,2/EGCE O Level Examination Past Papers with . The right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs, whilst the left ventricle, with its thicker muscular wall, pumps blood to the remaining body. Breeding Stock. (c) Describe one method of seed dispersal that does not require animals. Dispersal by Water: ADVERTISEMENTS: Dispersal by water is of great convenience in fruit trees growing by water-side. includes seed structure, seed and fruit dispersal, ante-natal care to include comparison between breast and bottle Cambridge IGCSE, Cambridge International A and AS Level and Cambridge Pre-U components, and . [2] (e) Cassowaries are an endangered species. Seed dispersal 3.1 shows some of the structures present in the human thorax (chest). See more fantastic resources made by SAVE MY EXAMS today! Ecosystem: the interaction between a . STUDY. Uploaded by. The disadvantage is that a large proportion of seeds may land in situations where they cannot grow. These flowers then produce seeds which can be dispersed by either the wind or other animals. Describe three possible advantages of using foods prepared from mycoprotein as substitutes for animal products, such as meat. These methods are wind dispersal and animal dispersal. Natural methods of asexual reproduction include self-propagation. (c) Describe one method of seed dispersal that does not require animals. 2. Pollen grain lands on stigma 2. (b ) W hat are the advantages to a plant of an effective method of seed dispersal? .